Wednesday, July 31, 2019

Enhanced Formal Communications Project

————————————————- ————————————————- Memorandum TO:Accountants FROM:—– SUBJECT:Changes to SAS 115 DATE:September 30, 2011 ————————————————- Overview The American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA) was founded in 1887, the AICPA represents the AICPA represents all Certified Public Accounts (CPA) nationally regarding rules and regulations and also serves as advocate to public interest groups and other professional organizations. The AICPA develops standards regulations, educates its members on various directions, monitors and enforces compliance and ethical standards. Statement of Accounting Standards (SAS No. 115) was issued by the Auditing Standards Board (ASB); became effective for audit of financial statement for period ending on or after December 15, 2009. SAS 115 supersedes SAS 112 that had some weaknesses in its terminology, definitions and guidance for evaluating deficiencies. Benefits of the New Requirements The new requirement will establish standards rules and provides guidance on communicating matters related to your organization’s internal control over financial reporting identified on the next audit of financial statements * SAS 115 will prevent, detect and correct misstatements on a timely basis * It will provide reasonable assurance about your achievement and objectives with regard to the reliability of financial reporting effectiveness and efficiency of operations, and compliance with the new laws and regulations. Communication Upon completion of the audit, our firm will provide you with a management letter identifying the findings. * Our firm will still continue to monitor progress on all previous existing deficiencies or weaknesses from previous years. * All communications pertaining to deficiencies or weaknesses will be made available within 60 days following the completion of the report. * Our firm will provide a management letter of â€Å"no findings† for your records if no deficiencies are found. Audit is not a punishment, but in a process mechanism to help organizations have zero findings on their financial statement regardless of the size of the organization. While requirements to report in writing all deficiencies or weaknesses may take more time, it will ensure for better communication and awareness. SAS 115 allows our firm to gain insightful information to better serve you in the future and help you improve internal control by eliminating deficiencies. We thank you for continuing trust in our firm for the past three 3 years and our staff is available to answer or walk through any process that might seem challenging with the new regulations. We will schedule a meeting with the members of your finance team to go over these regulations two weeks prior to our audit scheduled date. References Anderson, B. (2007, June). The Management Letter After SAS 112. Retrieved from http://www. allbusiness. com/professional-services/accounting-tax-auditing/8900335-1. html Beichler, V. (2009, March). Communicating Internal Control-Related Matters in SAS No. 115. Tennessee CPA Journal. Retrieved from http://www. tncpa. org/journal/articles/communicatinginternal. pdf AICPA, (2010, September). Employee Benefit Plan Audit Quality Center. Statement of Auditing Standards (SAS) No. 115 Communicating Internal Control Related

Grant/Lee a Comparison and Contrast Essay

Ulysses S. Grant and Robert E. Lee are two of the most effective military leaders in American history. These men have become symbolic of the two nations at conflict during the Civil War. Both had very different backgrounds and personalities that caused them to differ in their military leadership and accomplishments. Even though General Lee would surrender his army to General Grant, Lee throughout the course of the war proved himself to be a better military leader. The childhood of Robert Edward Lee played a pivotal role in the way he would see the world as a man. Lee was born into an aristocratic family of Virginia with a deeply rooted American history. Richard Henry and Francis Lightfoot Lee, Robert E. Lee’s uncles, helped draft resolutions that would lead to the Declaration of Independence, both would sign it1. Lee’s father, Henry â€Å"Lighthorse Harry† Lee III was a revolutionary war hero and one of George Washington’s most dependable fellow countrymen . In 1771, Washington, also from Virginia, wrote: â€Å" I know of no country that can produce a family all distinguished and clever men, as our Lees.†2 Lee’s mother and father were strong influences in his life for very different reasons. Lee’s father would define everything Lee did not want to be. Lighthorse Harry lacked self-control and failed to take care of the family. Ruined by failed financial ventures, Lee’s father would be sent to debtor’s prison. His mother, Anne Hill Carter Lee would raise young Robert to love God, to serve God and to serve his country. Lee’s rearing helped him to develop the highest standards of honor, self-denial, self-control and duty that would earn respect from both friends and enemies.3 Ulysses S. Grant came from a more humble upbringing. Like Lee, Grant traces his ancestry deep into American history in his memoirs. Grant’s ancestors settled in Massachusetts in 1630.4 Grant’s father, Jesse R. Gran t came from a broken family and was fostered by the parents of John Brown. 5 The same John Brown that would attempt to start a slave rebellion by attacking the United States armory at Harper’s Ferry in 1859. Men under the leadership of then Colonel Robert E. Lee ended that raid.6 Grant, was not born into the land owning aristocracy like Lee, his family was frontier men. Grant â€Å"†¦had come up the hard way†¦No man was born to anything, except perhaps to a chance to show how far he could rise. Life was competition (Catton, para 5).†7 Grant’s competitive upbringing would give him the motivation to push forward and the demand results needed to defeat Lee. Robert E Lee would carry the lessons he learned as a child with him to the Military Academy at West Point. While attending West Point, Lee was very studious and did not join 8other cadets for evenings at the local taverns. General Lee graduated second in his class at West Point and received no demerits for misconduct. This record has never been matched and will not likely ever be achieved again. By graduating with honors, Lee was assigned to the United States Army Corps of Engineers. The time Lee spent with the Army Corps of Engineers gave him valuable knowledge of different types of terrain and fortification constructions that would serve him well in the Civil War.9 The childhood of Ulysses S. Grant would also affect him at West Point. Grant was not interested in a military career; he was more interested in agriculture.10 It was Grant’s father who requested his appointment to West Point.11 Grant stated in his memoirs, â€Å"A military life had no charms for me, and I had not the faintest idea of staying in the army even if I should be graduated, which I did not expect (Grant p19).†12 Grant spent most of his time at West Point reading novels and avoiding â€Å"†¦books related to the course of studies (Grant pg 20).†13 Unlike Lee, Grant would not excel at West Point. Grant graduated 21 out of 39 in his class, just below average.14 The Mexican American War would be both Lee and Grant’s first battle. Lee and Grant would both serve un der General Winfield Scott, a man whom they both admired, during his campaign to Mexico City. General Scott saw greatness in Lee and stated his â€Å"†¦success in Mexico was largely due to the skill, valor, and undaunted energy of Robert E. Lee.†15 Scott was also heard commenting a few years later that; â€Å"Lee is the greatest military genius in America.† 16 Grant, only a first lieutenant, did not get an opportunity to show much leadership. Grant did however serve with valor. At the Battle of Monterey, Grant would gain some respect among his peers by successfully carrying much needed ammunition to his regiment while under fire.17 During the Civil War, Lee and Grant would implement skills learned while under the command of General Winfield Scott. In the spring of 1861 as the nation leaned toward Civil War, both Grant and Lee would be forced to make very difficult decisions. Grant would only have to decide between being a patriot or a traitor. In a letter to Grant’s father he wrote: â€Å"There are but two parties now, Traitors & Patriots and I want hereafter to be ranked with the latter. . . (Grant p 957)†18 Lee was torn between a successful career in the United States Army, his devotion to the Union, an appointment as commander of the Union forces and the love he had for his family and homeland. In a letter to his sister , Lee wrote: â€Å" With all my devotion to the Union†¦I have not been able to make up my mind to raise my hand against my relatives, my children, my home. 19 The decisions these two men made would send them on a collision course in one of the most costly wars the country has every waged. Throughout the Civil War, Robert E Lee would prove himself to be unmatched in leadership. When Lee took control of the Army of Northern Virginia in June of 1862, the Union army â€Å"†¦was thundering at the city gates†¦(Lee p150)†20 of the Confederate capital of Richmond. In three months, Lee would achieve what his predecessor General Joseph E. Johnston could not. Lee defeated the invading Union army and turned the war in favor of the South. It would take President Lincoln almost one year to find any competition for General Lee. That competition would be General Grant and the vast resources the North offered him. The vast resources and the advanced railroad system of the North would give Grant the advantage he needed over Lee. In a letter to Confederate President Jefferson Davis, Lee expressed his concern that â€Å"†¦Every train brings recruits, and it is stated that every available regiment at the North is added to it†¦(Lee p108)†21 The Army of Northern Virginia’s lack of provisions were â€Å"†¦so great†¦I cannot see how we can operate with our present supplies (Lee, p 108).22 Before Lee ever met Grant on the battlefield he was trying to prepare for multiple retreats that would allow him to resupply his army. Lee pleaded with Jefferson Davis that â€Å"Every exertion should be made to supply the depots at Richmond and at other points (Lee, p 108).† 23 Grant carelessly used his resources to attack Lee and â€Å"†¦after thirty days of marching†¦fighting and a with a loss of more than sixty thousand men, General Grant†¦Ã¢â‚¬ 24 arrived at Petersburg, â€Å"†¦which he could have done†¦without the loss of a single man.† 25 The sixty thousand men that were expendable to Grant was more than Lee had in his entire Army of Northern Virginia. Lee eventually was forced to surrender his army of â€Å"†¦less than eight thousand men†¦to Grant’s army of 150,000†¦Ã¢â‚¬ 26 Prior to the surrender Union officers had â€Å"†¦always estimated your [Lee] force at about seventy thousand men.†27 The leadership displayed by Ulysses S. Grant and Robert E. Lee throughout their military careers is directly related to their childhood and education at West Point. Grant’s childhood made him competitive but his lack of interest in the curriculums at West Point would set him back militarily. If Grant did not have the expendable resources that were available to his Union Army, he would have failed against Lee’s ability to fight with such limited resources. Lee’s self struggle to lead by example combined with his devotion to duty and the men in his army resulted in many victories over impossible odds. Lee did not surrender to Grant’s leadership traits; Lee â€Å"†¦was compelled to yield to overwhelming numbers and resources (Lee p 138)†28 1 James A. Henretta, David Brody and Lynn Dumenil, America: A Concise History, 3rd Edition, 3rd ed. (Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2005), 157-58. Bibliography Henretta, James A., David Brody, and Lynn Dumenil. America: A Concise History, 3rd Edition. 3rd ed. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2005. Lee, Fitzhugh. General Lee. BiblioLife, 2009. Grant, Ulysses S. Personal Memoirs of Ulysses S. Grant. CreateSpace, 2009. Lee, Robert. Recollections and Letters. New York, NY: Barnes & Noble, 2004. Bruce Catton Grant and Lee: A Study in Contrasts, available from http://users.ipfw.edu/ruflethe/grantandlee.html ; Internet; accessed 16 August 2010. Allen, Walter. ULYSSES S. GRANT. Houghton Mifflin,1901. Long, Armistead Lindsay. Memoirs of Robert E. Lee: His military and personal history [embracing a large amount of information hitherto unpublished]. University of Michigan Library, 1886. Grant, Ulysses S. Ulysses S. Grant : Memoirs and Selected Letters : Personal Memoirs of U.S. Grant / Selected Letters, 1839-1865 (Library of America). First Edition ed. New York, N.Y.: Library of America, 1990.

Tuesday, July 30, 2019

Human Fertilisation and Development

Human Fertilisation and Development Each day cute little babies are born into this world and being dazzled by their beauty we forget all about the long complicating process that took place which made it possible to have a baby. Therefore in my essay I am going to discuss the human reproductive cell, fertilisation and the development of a human life. Humans reproduce sexually, with both parents contributing half of the genetic makeup of their offspring via sex cells or gametes.Gametes produced by the male parent through Spermatogenesis process are called spermatozoa (commonly called sperm cells) and gametes produced by females through Oogenesis process are called oocytes (commonly referred to as ova or eggs). As gametes are formed, the 46 chromosomes from each parent cell (23 pairs of chromosomes) are divided through meiosis so that each gamete is haploid, having only 23 unpaired chromosomes. Spermatozoa, produced by males, contain a 23rd chromosome that is either an X chromosome (fem ale) or the analogous Y chromosome (male), making each sperm cell either female or male.Spermatozoa have a head that contains a nucleus, a mid piece that contains mitochondria, and a tail with its end piece. Sperm cells produced in the testes move to the epididymis, a coiled tube at the base of the penis where they are stored and matured. During ejaculation, or the ejection of sperm from the penis during orgasm, sperm travel from the epididymis through a long tube called the vas deferens to the urethra. This single tube, which extends from the bladder to the tip of the penis, is also the means by which urine passes out of the body. Liquid secretions from various glands combine with sperm to form the semen, or seminal fluid.Ejaculated semen may contain as many as 400 million sperm. Oocytes are also haploid, and since they are formed only by females, the 23rd chromosome can only be an X chromosome. Each oocyte is protected by several layers of granulosa cells called the corona radiata . Beneath the corona radiata lays the zona pellucida which is involved in binding the sperm cell, and through which the sperm cell must also penetrate prior to fertilization. The nucleus in an oocyte is called the germinal vessicel, and the nucleolus is referred to as the germinal spot. Eggs are produced in the ovaries, oval-shaped organs in the groin that also generate sex hormones.At birth, a female's ovaries contain hundreds of thousands of undeveloped eggs, each surrounded by a group of cells to form a follicle, or sac; however, only about 360-480 follicles reach full maturity. During puberty the action of hormones causes several follicles to develop each month. Normally, just one follicle fully matures, rupturing and releasing an ovum through the ovary wall in a process called ovulation. The mature egg enters one of the paired fallopian tubes, where it may be fertilized by a sperm and move on to the uterus to develop into a fetus.The lining of the uterus, called the endometrium , prepares for pregnancy each month by thickening, but if fertilization does not take place, the endometrium is shed during menstruation. The development of a human begins with fertilization, a process by which the spermatozoan from the male and the oocyte from the female unite to give rise to a new organism, the zygote. During sexual intercourse, a man releases approximately 300 million sperm into a woman's vagina, but only one of the sperm can fertilize the ovum.The successful sperm cell must enter the uterus, swim up the fallopian tube to meet the ovum, and then pass through a thick coating, known as the zona pellucida, that surrounds the egg. The head of the sperm cell contains enzymes that break through the zona pellucida and allow the sperm to penetrate the egg. Once the head of the sperm is inside the egg, the tail falls off, and the outside of the egg thickens to prevent another sperm from entering, and the fertilized egg (zygote) develops into an embryo. The embryo is now a hollow sphere of cells called a blastocyst.The blastocyst implants itself in the uterine wall. Gastrulation occurs in which cells migrate inward and form a rudimentary digestive cavity. The resulting gastrula has three layers of cells. After gastrulation the three embryonic tissue layers give rise to specific organ systems. Tissues and organs take shape in a developing embryo as a result of cell shape changes, cell migration and programmed cell death. In a process called induction, adjacent cells and cell layers influence each other’s differentiation via chemical signals.Pattern formation, the emergence of the parts of a structure in their correct relative positions, involves the response of genes to spatial variations of chemicals in the embryo. Meanwhile, the four extra embryonic membranes develop: the amnion, the chorion the yolk sac, and the allantois. The embryo floats in the fluid-filled amniotic cavity, while the chorion and embryonic mesoderm form the embryo’s part of the placenta. The placenta’s chorionic villi absorb food and oxygen from the mother’s blood.Human embryonic development is divided into three trimesters of about 3 months each. During the first trimester the embryo begins to develop all vital organs of the baby and by 9 weeks shows a fetus. The fetus looks like a miniature human, although its head is still oversized for the rest of the body. During the second trimester, the fetus continues growing and developing. Its arms, legs, fingers and toes have lengthened. It has the face of an infant with eyebrows and eyelashes. It develops fingernails and toenails and is covered with fine hair.And also it begins to move, kick and open and closes its eye and its teeth are forming. During the third trimester, the fetus gains the strength it will need to survive outside the protective environment of the uterus. The fetus circulatory system undergoes changes that will allow the switch to air breathing and it continues to g row adding layers of fat, bones begin to harden and its muscles thicken. It also loses much of its fine hairs, except on its head and the head changes its proportion. Finishing development is underway preparing for birth.Hormonal changes induce birth; estrogen makes the uterus more sensitive to oxytocins, which acts the prostagland into initiate labor. The cervix dilates, the baby is expelled by strong muscular contractions, and the placenta follows. To conclude, life begins when male and female gametes unite during fertilisation. The embryo develops into a fetus in the mother’s womb and after the three trimesters of growing and developing, the mother cuddles her new born baby boy or girl in her arms which puts a smile on her face.

Monday, July 29, 2019

Selfawareness and career management feedbaack Essay - 1

Selfawareness and career management feedbaack - Essay Example The essence of self-Management is self-awareness. You cannot manage anything without adequate and accurate information. The same applies to the management of self. I will be looking carefully at my MBTI results and analyzing them. Any single one of these instruments need not be accurate and sufficient in it self. If a combination of them is pointing me in a similar direction there could be something, which is of importance there. As such I would also look at the feedback that I have received from my colleagues. And then summarise these using the Johari window. I would however like to begin with what I call are my core cultural values. Core Cultural Values Theses are values, which have moulded me to what I am today, and make me function the way I do. Discovering them has been a journey, which is still in progress. The initial uncovering of these values began with me understanding something about my family of origin. My family is a close knit entrepreneurial family. One of the core val ues of my family of origin is family honour. Right and wrong have been important elements of my family. However when it comes to family honour they can be clouded. While I have seen that most of my friends in the west appear to look down on this. I see this as something that can be very comparable to the team ethic that is being increasingly talked about in the business studies arena and in corporate language. In my newfound western setting my belief then is that team goals must supersede individual goals. As my personality goes this is very difficult for me, and I have to remind myself that I have to function in this manner. This is difficult for me as seen from my timeline in appendix ‘1’. I have been a very successful student. Success in studies is an individual success, and defeat in academics is largely an individual defeat. As seen it is only in my adult life that I have started to enjoy and be good at sports. This has begun to moderate my individual yearnings. In dividual success in studies has worked well for me as it has enlarged family pride. Due to this it has been well supported by my family. In my adult life I have begun to step out of the family business and flap my wings in a more management type setting than my family entrepreneurial setting. I soon realize that I cannot take support from people around me for granted like in a family setting. I have to earn this support, and there was somewhat of a learning curve before I understood, that to get support you have to give support. This was somewhat foreign to me until I looked at my colleagues as team members. When I began to look at them, as family it became even easier. I am still very individualistic but realize that I need the support of those around me, which is not a given. It has to be earned. Earned by supporting them. The second aspect of core cultural values comes from my religious beliefs. My faith has been an integral part of me. While my belief is very fatalistic, it has still also taught me to believe that I can make a difference. Living with this two-sided tension has not been easy, until a friend pointed out that it is a good thing, which can cause me to mature very fast. I have tried to hold onto that explanation in recent times. While God is taking care of things in this world according to his plan that he wants me to make my contribution as well. This has caused me to come to an understanding that I cannot leave problems to be attended by

Sunday, July 28, 2019

Modern Europe Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Modern Europe - Research Paper Example The issue of whether or not the NATO is still a relevant organization can be resolved by assessing the organization’s ability to protect and ensure security and peace when it is most needed. With the global reach of activities which disturb the peace and security, the efficacy of the NATO seems to depend on the degree to which a more extensive application of its overall goals can be established and supported (Michta, 2007). Even as the NATO is considered an organization of equal states (with equal authority) who apply a consensus in their decision-making processes, the organization seems to function based on the extent of United States participation in these decisions. The security policy objectives of the US are important policies for the NATO (Michta, 2007). Its future efficacy largely depends on whether the European members will consider sharing common priorities with the Americans and whether these members will accept the related risks to such sharing. In the contemporary scene, it is important to consider the extent to which NATO supports such goals and the extent to which it has failed. NATO’s current dilemma exemplifies the looming issues in the current operations, mostly in the continuing armed issues with the NATO-led International Security Assistance Force in Afghanistan. (Michta, 2007). The questions on NATO’s efficacy come from its failure to implement similar expansion activities it implemented during the 1990s in terms of military capability. Such a failure also comes from the missed opportunities after the September 11 attacks and the intercontinental political gaps over Iraq. Despite the shared contempt for any and all terrorist attacks, the US and the European states have still not agreed on how to respond to terrorist and other forms of attacks (Daalder and O’Haanlon, 2001). Attempts to resolve these differences in perceptions have not been successful. As a result, countries like France, Germany, and other European states still have differing opinions with the US in terms of methods which address the terrorist issue and other securi ty problems. The NATO is currently unstable because the end of the Cold War threat in the 1990s caused a gridlock on what the organization’s main mission should then be (The Economist, 2011). NATO established that it needed to consider partnerships, expansions, and enhancement of capabilities; however, the organization cannot seem to act as a united organization in terms of what its main security mission today is. The visions for NATO seem to be competing with each other, and these competing visions are not likely to be settled or resolved via the Continental security approach being advocated by France, Belgium and Germany (Michta, 2007). While the European members have supported NATO’s operations, the scope and the quality of the missions seems to be vague. Moreover, the EU’s goals to establish the European Security and Defense Policy have also impacted on the NATO’

Saturday, July 27, 2019

AGM -an ineffective forum for shareholder democracy Essay

AGM -an ineffective forum for shareholder democracy - Essay Example Corporate governance - an awkward phrase with several definitions among which the simplest and effective is the one that describes corporate governance as a system by which companies are directed and controlled (Committee on the Financial Aspects of Corporate Governance, 1992)1. Corporate Governance supports businesses that are well managed, well directed, and well controlled. Indeed one of the functions of good corporate governance is to help ensure that good management is in place. Nevertheless, some of the most conspicuous failures in recent years have stemmed from a failure of the control function or from poor direction.All systems of corporate governance have to be considered against the social, economic, legal, and political background of the country in which they developed. A study of the relevant laws governing corporations does not reveal enough in any country unless they are understood on the basis of attitudes and patterns of behaviour to make sense of them. Examples are t hat of the company laws of Japan and the UK that are not too dissimilar in structure, but the results are poles apart. When we examine remuneration we find a marked difference in approach between the USA and Germany, where exorbitant share schemes have in the one become common and barely exist in the other. According to Charkham & Simpson (1999) "The impact upon competitiveness appears irrelevant, however other differences tell us that banks play a much larger part in Germany and Japan, not because of any deliberate policy, but because their economies happened to develop in ways in which this occurred and by the same token the stock market has a bigger role in the UK and USA"2 (Charkham & Simpson, 1999, p. 28). Reforms on both sides show that no system is immune to pressure for change, be it domestic or international. One purpose of good corporate governance is to reduce this accident rate, because unnecessary collapse is so damaging to all concerned; and where it occurs in a major company may be catastrophic. Another purpose is to encourage management to seize opportunities, and we can only speculate on how many have not been taken in the UK over the years. Corporate governance as a subject therefore is as broad as life itself, because it touches upon fundamental elements in the economy and society at large. The Role of AGM The reason for considering AGM ineffective might be the choice of a year as the period between company meetings appear a reflection of the world of nature and the tyranny of the seasons, rather than any particular logic dictated by the needs of any organisation that is not subject to them. Shareholders recognised this in the political world by having elections at various intervals and, even the UK has itself varied and to this day does not have a uniform period between elections for all levels of government. This means AGM does not support shareholders in terms of democratic elections and as far as companies are concerned, there is no particular reason, especially in these days of overflowing information, why the annual AGM cycle should be a year long. Sometimes it might be a half-year, or a quarter, for that matter eighteen months or two years, there is no particular timings for conducting regular elections. On the other hand taxation has a bearing on the choice of period and most governments raise taxes on an annual cycle but even this is not necessarily immutable and the accounting period does not have to be twelve months either; indeed

Friday, July 26, 2019

How have cell phones changed the human race socially on a global scale Research Paper

How have cell phones changed the human race socially on a global scale - Research Paper Example It analyses the changes in communication, the society, technology and foreign relations as a result of the widespread technology, giving appropriate recommendations. Introduction Referred to as cell phones by Americans, mobile phones in Africa, Australia, Asia and Europe and in many other ways globally, cell phones have been commercially available for about two and a half decades, enjoying staggering adoption rate as noted by Goggin (1). This has led to the existence of about 5 billion cell phones in the world as at end of 2010 with developing countries having more cell phones than developed countries (Hakoama and Hakoyama 2). China has been noted to be the largest wireless network in the world followed by India and America respectively. According to Prasad (38), the cell phone market in Africa is the fastest in growth globally, perhaps due to the sunset in the industry in the European market as observed by O’Brien. Klemens (2) evaluates the components that make up a cell phon e. Of course, cell phones are basically telephones, but they also serve as transmitters and radio receivers, which brings into perspective the understanding of antennas, radio waves and history of radio. The functions of a cell phone would be undertaken by microscopic circuits; the user’s interface would be provided by the liquid crystal display and a battery would be needed to power it. Whereas the distribution of cell phones could reveal much concentration and variation, it would be safe to appreciate that in merely two and half decades since its commercialization, cell phones have grown to be more than mere voice call devices. According to Goggin (2), cell phones have become a central cultural technology in their own right. Pros of Cell Phone Usage Just like many other technologies, cell phones come with its pros and cons. They help people keep in touch without the barrier of location as its mobility allows people to communicate no matter their location. The extra features that come with cell phones such as radio, free communication applications and even TVs save the user money that would have otherwise been used to acquire or subscribe to such services (Eapen, Kumar, and Bhat 138). Cell phones increase the feeling of safety as with the gadget in whatever place, one would feel closer to emergency services in case need be (Prasad 42). Cons of Cell Phone Usage On the other hand, being reachable anytime anywhere could serve as a disadvantage. It could cause one the inconveniences of for example being called back to work when its vacation time with family. Owning this gadget increases one’s expenses due to the cost involved in not only its acquisition but also subscription to the accompanying services such as voice calls and text messages. On safety, Banjo, Hu, and Sundar (128) cite the National Safety Council which estimates car accidents resulting from cell phone distractions at 28% of the total accidents. The associated radiation emission has b een linked to health risks including cancer, depression and high blood pressure (Eapen, Kumar, and Bhat 139; Kaplan 3). In schools, cell phones have been noted to propagate cheating and lack of concentration and distractions in classes. The materials making up cell phone printed circuit boards, liquid crystal displays, batteries and plastic casings contain toxic substances which

Thursday, July 25, 2019

Microbiology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Microbiology - Essay Example There are 2 types of photophosphorylation and they are cyclic and noncyclic. In cyclic photophosphorylation, the electron begins in a pigment complex called photosystem I, passes from the primary acceptor to plastoquinone, then to cytochrome b6f (a similar complex to that found in mitochondria), and then to plastocyanin before returning to chlorophyll. In the noncyclic type, first, a water molecule is subjected to photolysis and broken down into 2H+ + 1/2 O2 + 2e- The two electrons released thus from the water molecule are kept in photosystem II. The 2H+ and 1/2O2 are left out for further use. Thereafter, a photon is absorbed by chlorophyll pigments on surrounding the reaction core center of the photosystem. The light excites the electrons of each pigment and this causes a chain reaction. The reaction transfers energy to the core of photosystem II and causes excitation of the two electrons that are transferred to the primary electron acceptor, pheophytin.

The Rococo Style of Art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Rococo Style of Art - Essay Example Pope uses satire in his literature to express a certain perspective. He reveals the ludicrousness and unsuitable behavior that the 18th century people of England had towards fashion. The woman Belinda symbolizes the kind of women busy indulging and competing for fashion, which can be slightly term as an act of stupidity. The satire is edifying and aloof. He does not directly attack a particular person but points out the moral infidelity in the society. The society in context is the 18th century aristocratic era of the rise in the fashion industry. Although he also tackles other relevant topics whereby he continues the use of his satirical prose (Levey 45-70). An illustration is the case of the judge where he criticizes him for making rushed rulings in a ridiculous manner. The Rape of the Lock incorporates the masterful traits of a laudable blockbuster, nevertheless is used sarcastically to an apparently trivial narcissistic exclusive squabble. It eventually achieves a fanciful ridicu le epic by combining the petty and unchanging. This piece of literature presents a humorous and light tone. This consequentially elucidates the eccentric kind of the poem’s vital quarrel. The atrocities done by Baron like â€Å"raping† or stealing and the memorable hair style of Belinda are some of the issues of conflict. â€Å"The meeting points the sacred hair dissever from the fair head, forever and forever! Then flashed the living lightning from her eyes, and screams of horror rend the affrighted skies†.

Wednesday, July 24, 2019

Performance management of IBM Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Performance management of IBM - Research Paper Example In the last part, the study will recommend a strategic plan which is expected to fill up the loopholes in existing performance management system in IBM. Table of Contents Table of Contents 3 Introduction 4 Profile of IBM 4 Performance Management Processes 6 Performance Evaluation Criteria 8 Methods of Measuring Organization’s Performance 10 Rewards/Compensation 13 Poor Performance & Strategic Plan to Improve the Performance 15 Conclusion 18 Introduction Key purpose of report is to identify the existing performance management system in IBM or International Business Machines Corporation which is a renowned multinational technology and computer manufacturing organization. After identifying the existing performance management system in IBM, the study will try to analyze the system critically and based on the analysis, the researcher will prepare a strategic plan to improve the existing performance management system of the company. The researcher has no scope to apply quantitative research method due to unavailability of primary data hence the researcher has used qualitative research methodology accompanied by accessing data from peer reviewed printed journals, online articles, company website etc and then analyze the data. The researcher has divided this paper in different parts, Part 1- this section will try to shed light on business profile of IBM, Part 2- this section will discuss existing performance management system in IBM, Part 3- the section will try to understand the performance management techniques in the organization, Part 4- this section will critically analyze the efficiency of different performance management manner in generalized manner, Part 5- this section will try rationalize the non-linear and asymmetric relationship between reward system and performance, Part 6- this portion will try to diagnose the causes behind poor performance in IBM and recommend a strategic plan to improve it. Profile of IBM The researcher has selected IBM as the st udy organization in the paper and there are enough rationales behind the selection of IBM as the sample organization. International Business Machines Corporation or IBM is a multinational computing, technology and consulting company which has strong historical presence in the field of modern day computing and technology industry. The company is headquartered at Armonk, New York, U.S.A and established by Charles Ranlett Flint during the year 1911. Interesting fact is that, in the initial years, IBM was not a single company rather they were the merger of three companies such as tabulating machine company, computing Scale Company and international time recording company. However, in 1924, the trio companies have decided to change its name from CTR or Computing Tabulating Recording Company to IBM (International Business Machines Corporation, 2012). IBM maintains a broad range of product portfolio such as hardware, computer parts, software packages, statistical software packages, consult ing solution, business process outsourcing solutions, technology integration in tailor made fashion for clients. Major competitors for the company include industry heavyweights such as Hewlett Packard, Xerox, Microsoft, Toshiba, Accenture, Dell etc (Yahoo Finance, 2012). Tushman-O-Reilly Congruence Model can be used to understand the complexity of the business of IBM. Figure: Congruence Model

Tuesday, July 23, 2019

Information System Strategy Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Information System Strategy - Assignment Example The use of IT has been found to have many significant benefits spanning across all types of businesses and also across all the departments in any organization. IT has proven benefits for managerial, staff and employees and greatly improves the production and services offered by all business. Information technology has been found to impact greater flexibility in obtaining the required information. Access to internet and communication facilities results to litheness in most services offered by firms. Education, consultancy and health facility can be offered anywhere. Versatility is also improved by use of information technology. Different products and services are now offered in different forms and the outcome is greatly enhanced. Simplicity, enhancing security, opening regional and international markets, fostering cooperation among employees, improving services and products produced, providing panels for feedback information, promoting sales and marketing, reduction of labour costs ar e some of the major advantages of information technology. This paper evaluates the effects of information technology on the main areas of a business. This involves improving accessibility of information to employees, continuation of business, enhancing information availability and changing of the organization structure (Thorp, 1999i). Information technology enhances employee's collaboration w... Employees and members of staff can access company data through the use of broadband modem and to the desktop computer. This is coupled with the rapid development in methods of securing the network such that the information sent is private, secure and only accessed to those who have rights to view it. Mobile phones have also rapidly developed from the first generation phone to 3G (third generation) phone that have internet capabilities and multimedia services enabling workers to use their phone to access information. One such phone is the blackberry mobile phone that allows users to gain access to information from both the intranet and the internet. Black berry enterprise solution enables enterprises gain the wireless infrastructure that fosters cooperation among the employees, enhances the corporate culture and also inculcates adaptability and efficiency on the services offered by the firm. The use of mobile phone enables small and big firms gain pivotal managerial and product inform ation for any type of business irrespective of its size. Security issues by the blackberry have developed to a point where two factor authentication is now been used towards a secure wireless network. Through the use of this phone, employees and members of staff can access customer updates, office information, inventory updates, billing reports and notification of imperative business events information wherever they are (blackberry, 2006ii). These technologies have been applied in many organizations. Doctors and nurses can access vital patient record and information through the use PDA connected to the hospital via a server. This enhances sharing of information by both the doctors,

Monday, July 22, 2019

Nonviolence and South Africa Gandhi Essay Example for Free

Nonviolence and South Africa Gandhi Essay War is defined a state of hostility conflict or antagonism. But this definition would be thrown aside by a man named Mohandas Gandhi a man who would soon come to revolutionize India through the power of peace. Gandhi’s protests and civil disobedience would soon help create the India we see today. Gandhi did take India back from the British but not violently as one might expect, but peacefully through civil disobedience. This means that laws that Gandhi and his followers would refuse to obey any laws that they viewed to be unjust, not by striking blows but by carrying on with there daily activities while refusing to follow certain laws that they feel practice a system of apartheid. But keeping in mind never to strike back but to always keep your head up and never give up. Gandhi developed this idea of civil disobedience after his experience of apartheid while in South Africa. Gandhi while in South Africa Gandhi witnessed first hand the great injustices people of color faced simply while walking down the street. For example the need for a pass book by those of color. Gandhi saw this injustice and interjected, holding a public protest burning passbooks and symbolically burning the separation between people of color in South Africa and the British. But Gandhi did not stop there he went on to take this system of civil disobedience to India. In India he continued to gain followers and slowly take back India through his peaceful movements such as his salt march and cloth burning. Finally over the course of his adult life Gandhi had taken back India from the British all without India striking a blow. Gandhi clearly revolutionized India into its current state through peace. Gandhi, through peace, has helped change the way we see war.

Sunday, July 21, 2019

Market Analysis of Tesco

Market Analysis of Tesco Tesco is the worlds 3rd largest retailer and the UK retail sector leader. Its primary activity is based in the United Kingdom and the company is expanding into international markets, which are China, the Czech Republic, Hungary, the Republic of Ireland, India, Japan, Malaysia, Poland, Slovakia, South Korea, Thailand, Turkey, and the United States. The companys group sale in 2010 was  £62.5 billion in which the operational profit accounted for  £3.5 billion. Currently, the company finally becomes the most profitable online grocery retailer in the world, and more than half of the companys group selling space is outside the United Kingdom. The most attractive recent news about Tesco is its new CEO, Philip Clark, succeed Sir Terry as the retail giants boss on 2 March 2011. Within the same week, two pieces of news about Tescos further pushing forward in Southeast China and northern California were also announced respectively, which might lead to investors guess about whether this new boss, who was Tescos head of international and IT business, will take a more aggressive strategy for its international market. As we can see from the companys market performance, the future of its international expansion is still full of uncertainty. The core UK food retailing segment still keeps 30% market share, however, the sales growth rate fell to a historically low level. The Christmas sales, especially non-food sales, in UK and Europe were negatively impacted by the bad weather last winter. The expansion in US market, which is loss making, was suspended in the past year and now, as the company announced, is restarted. The companys ope ration and expansion is Asia seems promising, with high sales growth rates and fast new-stores-opening speed. The companys stock underperformed the FTSE 100 Index in the past year and keeps going down from the beginning of the year. In fact, all the five retailers we choose, most of which are the worlds largest, do not have satisfying stock performance recently. Bad news about the price rise from the suppliers side came this week bringing down the whole industrys price. The current price of Tesco goes lower than our estimates and hits the bottom of the year. From January 2011, the companys price decreased by a historically 10.58%. Investors worries about the current economic situation would be the main cause the sectors underperformance. We expect an underlying earnings growth and hence a price growth of Tesco in a long-term perspective based on our forecast. The value of company will go up with the recovery of the economy, which is the external factor, and the growing internal operational performance. Therefore, we recommend a short term hold and long term buy. Geographical Analysis Data source: Corporate Christmas sales reportThe latest supermarket giant Tescos 12-week total sales growth was 4.3% with the impressive double-digit growth in food segment. Giant player Tesco achieved positive strong performance in every business operation including food, non-food, and Tesco direct even though an unpleasant cold and wet weather especially adverse condition of snow over Christmas made things difficult not only for Tesco, but also its local crucial competitors like Sainsbury, Asda, and Morrison, Tescos operation and management were still well managed. It is undeniably that Tesco enjoyed an increase of like-for-like (LFL) sales compared to previous year; however, the rise in sales growth was inevitably suffering from the lift of petrol prices and the rise in VAT implying negative volumes if we assume progressive food inflation, which later may impede the stores growing space in the UK market. Yet, the true story that people have to eat and the evidence of the top-line growth grants the UK operators to provide both defensive and growth characteristics to have more rooms of new spaces, develop product mix, and enhance continuing productivity improvement. Hence, giant supermarket like Tesco cannot just stop expanding business and market share, and as an efficient strong retailer, growing the revenue cost-effectively and profitably is far more important than winning the highest market share, Europe: First time showing all positive LFL sales Tesco operates in the Republic of Ireland, Poland, Hungary, the Czech Republic, Slovakia and Turkey, listed in descending revenues according to 2010 Annual reports. Although the customer expenditure suffers heavily from the recession, we have seen a solid sign of recovery in sales and profits in Europe. Shown in the Q3 report, till 27th November 2010, the performance of Tesco improves with sales up by 7.6%; compared to 6.4% from Q2 figures (Actual rates Ex. Petrol). Like-for-like sales achieve a growth at 3.6% (Ex. Petrol), which is 0.5% more than the last quarter, probably because of a strong improvement in Hungary and Turkey. Particularly in the third quarter, all European businesses succeed in acquiring positive like-for-like sales for the first time in three years. Thus we expect a continuing increasing trend in this region as the economies are slowly improving. The main approach using by Tesco is to invest in new selling space. The company plans to double the space by 2014/15 to 4.1m sq meters. Part of the ambitious opening programme, Tesco has acquired 128 convenience stores in Czech Republic on 23rd December 2010, making the market share stable at 9%, which is the second position overall. Next we could expect this world leading retailer would push its plan further and expand its online models more in Europe. In the non-food sector, Tesco is leading the clothing market. Building on the FF brand, it opened up its own FF Blue and FF Basics in Central Europe. Tesco sold 68milions FF items in this area and the clothing sales of the Tesco increased by 12% in 2010. Like-for-like clothing sales are also up by 14%. US: When will Fresh Easy be profitable? One of the key decisions for Tescos new CEO, Mr Clarke, will be deciding whether to continue with the Fresh Easy chain, which made a loss of  £165m ($269m) last year. Fresh Easy is designed as a small and convenient fresh food seller and this is its fourth year in the US. This totally different business format was criticized for would not meet US consumes habits when it was launched. Anyway, we think Tesco was extremely unlucky to enter US market before its economy fell into the worst recession since the 1930s. The sales are growing at a promising rate over 38.5% in the third quarter 2010/11 which were mostly contributed from the Thanksgiving holiday. And during the Christmas and New Year holiday it grew up by 36.9%. However, Fresh Easy still made a loss of  £165m in 2009/2010 and a similar or larger loss would probably be made in 2010/2011. Tescos management predicts that it will reach profitability in 2012/2013. But this prediction is questionable since we did not see any signs that promise the profit. Even the US market leader, Wal-mart, had a historically rapid decrease in its sales growth rate in 2009/2010. The company mothballed 13 stores last year, primarily in Arizona and Nevada, hit by the US housing market downturn. The expansion of Fresh Easy was slow down in the last year, and under-utilised capacity still charged large amount of expenditure of the business. The latest news on Fresh Easys website said 10 new stores will be open before the end of April in northern California, which indicates the company starts to push ahead the expansion again. Asia: Key focus for the international expansion Tesco has its Asian business mainly in South Korea, Thailand, China, Malaysia, Japan and India with 1300 stores. Remarkable performance has been shown in the Asian markets driven by opening new stores and due to its constant progress for the growth of powerful brands in Asian markets. The profits in 2010/2011 have drastically increased by 24% with margin strengthening of 6.1%. The sales growth in the Asian Markets in the year 2010/2011 was 23.4%. This substantial growth was mainly due to the investments that were made during the recession period and are paying off as the economies of these nations are improving. Due to the unseasonably warm temperature in the Northern Asia, the LFL sales of Tesco have been 4.3% which is a little lower than 5% in second quarter. It has been able to grow its business by expanding its club card and other retail business in these nations. Amongst these countries, South Korea has turned out to be the most productive, with an organic sales growth of 23.3%, like for like sales of 3.2% and profits up 50.9%. China is considered as epoch-making opportunity for future. The performance of Tesco in other countries like Thailand, Malaysia and India has also been fairly good as the sales have increased in these countries in spite of the political uncertainty and sharp recession in 2009. Asian markets will continue to be key focus for the international expansion of Tesco as they offer a significant long term opportunity. Tesco plans to open new space of 4.9 m sq ft (excluding shopping malls) by next year and build 80 shopping malls by the end of 2015. While theJapan quake might suspend the companys expansion in Japan market which Tesco just entered 4 years ago and counts 5% of its Asian sales in 2010. Porters Five Forces Industry Competition Position Average Score: 3+ Threat of New Entrants 3+ High level of entry in retailing industry: although easy for independent retailers, quite difficult for big chain stores. Abundant capital needed for human resources and storage costs; long time devoted to establishing brand and relationship with suppliers. Power of Suppliers 2- Little power for retailing industry: presence of rich substitutes and suppliers; but suppliers may gain powers during special periods due to unexpected bad weather or new launching government policies. Power of buyers 2+ Although customers bargain power in the store is low, they can easily change among retailers to without any switch costs. The customer loyalty is low. The high price sensitive drives customers to seek for promotions and price reductions. Availability of Substitutes 4+ What one store offers you will likely find at another store. Retailers offering products that are unique have a distinct or absolute advantage over their competitors. Competitive of Rivalry 4+ Competition among the main players in retail industry is aggressive and rational. Promotional activity and new space expansion are growing at a historical rate to gain more market share. But the possibility of an irrational price war is low. *Scoring range 1-5 (high score is good) Plus = getting better; Minus = getting worse* SWOT A We expect the sales growth rate to go up based on the assumption that the worlds economy will recover in the near future, and the VAT and food price inflation will keep around current level. Cost of goods sold as a % of sales is decreasing during the last five years, so we estimate that the trend will continue in the future. On the other hand, Tesco provides more price reduction and promotion now, especially when the competition with Asda in terms of price is going on, so the decrease of cost of good sold rate will not be too large. Depreciation to sales is around 2% in past years. Since the expansion of the company is pushed forward in the US and Asian market, the fixed assets will grow up as well. We forecast the depreciation will go up with the expansion, too. And in 2010 year, some properties bought in the US were idle since the company suspended its expansion in the US market, so the depreciation to sales in 2010 will be higher than usual. Because selling is essential to retail industry and promotion reached in a historical high level as Wall Street Journal reported, we estimate SGA expense will increase as a percentage of sales. We forecast that the EBIT to sales will increase very slowly because of the growing depreciation cost and SGA expense. Therefore, the Net Margin may stay steady or go down marginally based on the increased interest expanse from the higher leverage level and the higher tax. The company expanded its assets significantly in 2008/09 and then suspended the expansion in 2009/10, especially in terms of current assets. According to the recent news, Tesco pushes further into China and US market this year, therefore, we expect the amount of assets will be enlarged. And non-current assets grow as a percentage of total assets. Working capital is calculated by current assets minus current liabilities. The change of working capital in future is at the historical average rate of 6.48%. Standard Ratios Residual Income Model We employ residual income model (RI) to value Tesco. With residual income model, the value of equity is forecasted to be approximately GBP 46 billion with the price target of GBP 5.77. The cost of equity is used in the model rather than the group WACC since we base on the net income. The cost of equity is derived from assessing the groups exposure by running the regression to obtain the groups beta. FTSE all share is used as a market proxy and US 3-month T-Bill yield is taken as risk-free rate in the regression. Our estimation of the groups cost of equity currently is 11.64%. The growth of income is assumed to be constant over the long period at 9.5%. However, the sensitivity analysis is provided for different percentages of cost of equity and growth rates. Discounted Cash Flow Model Using DCF model, we assume a terminal growth rate at 8% and cost of equity at 11.64%. Net debt will decrease based on Tescos current strategy to adjust its leverage, while net non-current assets will rapidly grow because of the international expansion strategy. Multiples Valuation Model There we use P/E as the multiple to estimate the prices of Tesco and its four peers. The expected earnings are obtained from Thomson One Banker. Expected earnings, expected value and number of shares outstanding are presented in millions. The expected value is calculated by timing peer average P/E with expected earnings

What Factors Affect the Rate of Evaporation of Water?

What Factors Affect the Rate of Evaporation of Water? Hubert Galan and Zafira Smith Introduction: Our testable question for this experiment is what factors affect the rate of evaporation of water. This testable question regards the different factors, such as the temperature surrounding the water being evaporation, the temperature of the water being evaporated, the temperature of the air surrounding the water being evaporated, the humidity of the air surrounding the water being evaporated. In order to test our question we will use a bowl of water and expose the bowl and the water inside of it, which would begin at a temperature of 30 degrees celsius, to many different conditions, such as heat lamps, and fans. In doing so we will exposing our bowl of water and water itself to the variety of different factors that we can assume are capable of affecting the rate of evaporation of our water, and by testing the each of these factors we will be able to determine which ones are actually influential to the rate of evaporation of the water being tested. Evaporation: Evaporation is when water changes form into gas. Evaporation is the main pathway that water moves from the liquid back into the water cycle as water vapor,(The Water Cycle: Evaporation). What this means is that gas or water vapors main way back into the water cycle is through evaporation, which shows the significance of it. More important information on evaporation is that energy is needed for evaporation to occur. The use of energy in evaporation is that energy breaks the bonds that hold water molecules together and which keeps the water in its liquid phase. Which is why water easily evaporates at a high temperature, because there is enough energy or heat needed to break those bonds. Evaporation is arguably the most important part of the water cycle. No evaporation would result in no rain, no rain equals no water for forest which provided the most essential gas for humans, oxygen. Overall without evaporation the effects would be destructive (Water and Global Change). What this shows is how important evaporation is in our world, and that without it we wont survive. For this reason my colleague and I are trying to answer the question what factors affect the rate of evaporation of water. Temperature: Water molecules are always moving, some molecules are hit by other molecules which cause them to gain speed. These molecules hitting each other cause the energy and the temperature to raise. Temperature is the average kinetic energy of the molecules. Slower moving molecules have a lower temperature(colder) while faster moving molecules have a higher temperature (hotter). The increasing temperature causes the water molecule bonds to break, which causes water molecules to turn into gas. The breaking of bonds of molecules is evaporation, it involves a change of state, from liquid to gas. The higher the temperature, the higher the rate of evaporation. When the temperature of water increases the water molecules gain more energy. When the water molecules temperature rises the water molecules start to move faster and thus evaporate faster. Basically the higher the temperature the higher the rate of evaporation (Factors Affecting the Rate of Evaporation). This is the most notable factor that affects rates of evaporation. The way we will test this is by having two bowls of water. One bowl will be exposed to normal conditions, while the other bowl will be exposed to a heat lamp. After twenty-four hours we will compare the mass of both bowls, and see if they change. After this we will conclude based on the data we received. Wind: Wind is the natural movement of air in any given direction. In order to test the effect of wind on the rate of evaporation of the bowl of water in our experiment we will use a fan and turn it onto the bowl of water being used. When evaporation occurs the water vapor from our bowl will be sitting just above the surface of the water in our bowl that has not yet been evaporated. When wind is added to the environment in which a body of water is in, the molecules of water vapor are rapidly moved from their resting position above the surface of the remaining water to the direction which the wind is facing. This rapid removal of molecules allows for rapid evaporation to occur because there is an increased amount space on the surface area of the remaining water which allow the water molecules to evaporate up. (How Does Wind Affect Evaporation?) This also means that with an increased speed of wind there will be an increased rate of evaporation, as the molecules sitting on the surface of a bod y of water will be removed and replaced and a quicker rate. Humidity: Humidity is that amount of water vapor in the surrounding atmosphere of a body of water, in our case the cup being used in our experiment. In order to test the effect that humidity has on water vapor in our experiment, we will put a lid over the the bowl of water we will be using for testing. Evaporation in an airtight container increases the amount of water vapor that is present in the air above the water in said container. When the amount of water vapor in the air above our water increases, there is more humidity because humidity is the amount of water in the surrounding atmosphere in a body of water. When humidity is high in the air, it is harder for water to evaporate, because the air is filled with water vapor. The air can not absorb an unlimited amount of water molecules, meaning that there will be a slower rate of evaporation. If the space that is located above the water becomes filled with water vapor, then a condensations happens to cause a balance. (Factors Affecting the Ra te of Evaporation). Condensation which is the opposite process of evaporation, is when water vapor converts to liquid, meaning that the evaporation taking place in our experiment would be countered by the condensation already occurring to the vapor within our closed cup of water. Hypothesis: If wind affects the rate of evaporation then our water will evaporate faster because wind increases the evaporation rate of water through removing the water vapor particles that will be resting above the rest of our remaining water( that has not yet been evaporated), making room for new molecules to rest in the same place. If humidity affects the rate of evaporation then our water will evaporate slower because when humidity is high, it becomes more difficult for water vapor molecules to enter their atmosphere, therefore leaving no space for more molecules and slowing the rate of evaporation of water. If temperature affects the rate of evaporation then our water will evaporate faster because when waters temperature is increased the water molecules gain more energy, which causes the molecules to move faster, break bonds faster and thus evaporate faster.*we have three hypothesis because we are trying to accurately test our questions with multiple factors in order to answer our testable question Work Cited The Water Cycle: Evaporation. Evaporation, The Water Cycle, from USGS Water-Science School. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Nov. 2016. Factors Affecting the Rate of Evaporation. Factors Affecting the Rate of Evaporation. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Nov. 2016. How Does Wind Affect Evaporation? Bright Hub. N.p., 18 Mar. 2011. Web. 17 Nov. 2016. Intermediate-Level Science Projects. Intermediate-Level Science Projects: What Factors Most Affect Evaporation? N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Nov. 2016. Water and Global Change. RSS. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Nov. 2016.

Saturday, July 20, 2019

Adolescent Observation Report Essay -- Adolescence Development Observat

Confidential Material The names used in this Adolescent Observation Report are fictitious. This is absolutely necessary to protect the privacy of the adolescent being observed. Person observed: Mary Age: 18 Gender: Female General description: about 5’2†, black hair, brown eyes, about 100 lbs. Place of observation: at my work, World of Tile Company Others present: Other co-workers Cultural group: Chinese Physical Development Mary has reached her body height at 5’2†. Although, when she was younger she had to take growth hormones because she was not growing when the rest of her peers were. She was a very late developer and did not start puberty until she was 17. Mary is very active in school activities such as clubs and softball and tennis. She is very coordinated in her sports and also very fast. Mary was just offered a full scholarship to play tennis at State University. Nutrition and health habits consist of eating a healthy, well balanced diet. She rarely eats fast food, and never eats sweets. She generally tries to maintain a nutritious diet because she wants to succeed in tennis. Cognitive Development In school, Mary is a B average student. She is a Senior in High School and is going to State University in the fall, 2015. Her family moved to the United States when she was very young, so she has been in American schools since pre-school. Her reading and writing skills are pretty average, but she exceeds in math. Mary is very attentive...

Friday, July 19, 2019

Desire in Herman Melville’s Moby-Dick Essay -- Moby Dick Essays

Desire in Herman Melville’s Moby-Dick Moby-Dick describes the metamorphosis of character resulting from the archetypal night sea journey, a harrowing account of a withdrawal and a return. Thus Ishmael, the lone survivor of the Pequod disaster, requires three decades of voracious reading, spiritual meditation, and philosophical reflection before recounting his adventures aboard the ill-fated ship.1 His tale is astounding. With Lewis Mumford’s seminal study Herman Melville: A Critical Biography (1929) marking the advent of the â€Å"Melville industry,† attentive readers—amateur and professional alike—have reached consensus respecting the text’s massive and heterogeneous structure. Moby Dick, for all its undeniable heuristic treasures, remains a taxonomist’s nightmare. For Melville’s complex narrative is an embarrassment of riches variously described as a novel, a romance, and an epic, as a comedy and a tragedy. Indeed, the text is an anatomy of the adventure story i n the tradition of world classic accounts of the epic hero from Gilgamesh to the Arabian Nights, from the 0dyssey to Beowulf. Although from a formalist perspective Ishmael is clearly the sole narrator, the tale remains markedly divided in expression; that is, the tone, diction, register, and underlying psychology of the account describe two radically different modes of experience. Ishmael in his own voice is empirical, democratic, sane, philosophical, comedic; while Ahab’s discourse is transcendental, autocratic, mad, rhetorical, tragic. Still, like Don Quixote and Sancho Panza (whose class, values, and mind set are separate and discrete) Ishmael, the common sailor before the mast, and Ahab, the demonic ship captain, finally emerge as disjoined fragment... ... 11 Zizek, 3. 12Zizek, ix. Works Cited Fiedler, Leslie. Love and Death in the American Novel. NYC: Criterion Books, 1960. -----------------. â€Å"Come Back to the Raft Ag’in, Huck Honey!† Partisan Review 15 (1948): 2 664-71. Freud, Sigmund. Civilization and Its Discontents. Trans. and edit. James Strachey. NYC: Norton, 1961. Girard, Rene. Deceit, Desire and the Novel: Self and Other in Literary Structure. Trans. Yvonne Freccero. Baltimore MD: Johns Hopkins Univ. Press, 1965. Kristeva, Julia. Black Sun: Depression and Melancholia. NYC: Columbia Univ. Press, 1989. Melville, Herman. Moby-Dick or, The Whale. NYC: Penquin Books, 1992. Said, Edward. Orientalism. NYC: Pantheon, 1978. Steiner, George. Martin Heidegger. Chicago IL: Univ. of Chicago Press, 1989. Zizek, Slavoj. Enjoy Your Symptom! NYC: Routledge, 1992.

Thursday, July 18, 2019

Motivation Techniques for Businesses to Motivate the Work Force Essay

Motivation Techniques for Businesses to Motivate the Work Force Introduction ============ For this assignment I am going to look at different motivational techniques that businesses use in order to motivate their work force, I will then decide on which I feel to be the most effective and why it is so effective. Hypothesis ========== All businesses want a motivated workforce, and expend a lot of time and money in order to attempt to achieve this, what these people need to look at is the common goals that there employees hold, for example: Self-esteem: needs for self -respect and self-confidence, for autonomy, for achievement, for competence, for knowledge. Status: needs for recognition, for appreciation, for the deserved respect of others. These needs tend to be at the top of most employees priority list, once these are fulfilled the employee will be happy and therefore motivated, e.g. if a worker is appreciated and competent in their job, they tend to be happier and therefore more highly motivated, but if they do not fully understand their job, and do not feel appreciated for what they do, they tend to feel unhappy and under perform. It is only recently that employers have learnt to be more like coaches then law enforcement officers in the workplace, they have discovered that it is far more effective to praise an employee rather than punish them, and give them constructive criticism rather than shout at them Another factor that strongly affects employees' motivation is security, if an employee feels secure in their job, i.e. have a permanent position there than they will be a lot happier and therefore ... ...y would much rather be payed a reasonable salary in a job they enjoy instead of a high salary in one that they don't. The perfect worker in my view is somebody who enjoys what they do, and therefore does it well. Evaluation ---------- I have come to the conclusion that happiness is the key to the perfect workforce because as they say 'a happy worker is a good worker.' I also feel that we have only scratched the surface of motivation in the workplace, it is only now that people have realised due to being open-minded just how huge a part psychology has to play in the effectiveness of a workforce, and there are still bosses that believe that discipline is the way to go rather than encouragement, so if these people could open their minds I think that the world of work would be better for employees everywhere.

Dona Perfecta Essay

Dona Perfecta, written by B. Perez Galdos, is a novel that explores the conflict between the new progressive movement and the old religious school of thought. This conflict takes place in the small Spanish village of Orbajosa. Narrow-minded Catholic zealots dominate Orbajosa. The most prominent of the zealots is Dona Perfecta. Dona is traditional catholic and strives to fight any opposition to her fixed beliefs. Pepe Rey, her nephew, presents the biggest challenge to Dona because he is an engineer who relies on scientific fact rather than religious faith. Dona feels as though Pepe is challenging her and the towns’ livelihood. This belief leads Dona to not only turn the town against Pepe, but also to have him killed. Dona’s Catholic belief system is only a facade to her evil nature. The town of Orbajosa is presented to be a small yet inviting town. Pepe is welcomed to the town warmly and happily. Dona is the first to greet Pepe when the narrator states, â€Å"the sincere expression of her affection, was receiving him at the gate itself in her loving arms† (23). Dona appears to be a very loving and hospitable character. She also surprises Pepe with her lengthy preparations to his room when the narrator states, â€Å"Pepe recognized in all the details of the room the diligent and loving hand of the woman† (24). Dona has proven that she is capable of being kind and loving towards those who pose no threat to her lifestyle. However, it is only when Pepe denounces religion that Dona feels threatened and begins to revel her evil nature. When Pepe and the town canon, Don Inocencio, meet, the men clash with their ideals. Both are intelligent and therefore, are stubborn. Pepe reveals to Don Inocencio that science is more valid than religion when he states, â€Å"Mysticism in religion, routine in science, mannerism in art, are failing, as the Pagan gods fell† (36). Pepe expresses his opinions about science and religion without any hesitation. Don Incencio and the towns’ people of Orbajosa feel that Pepe is resolutely against their beliefs. Increasing animosity is the result of Pepe’s progressive mind-set. Dona feels as though Pepe is a liability to the town’s way of life and the only way to get rid of the problem is to exterminate it completely. Dona is desperate to get rid of Pepe. She knows that Pepe poses the possibly to contaminate the towns ideals with his progressive philosophy. Dona decides that the town must turn against Pepe. Dona accuses Pepe of being disrespectful in the church when she states, â€Å"between thinking things and showing them in that irreverent manner, there is a distance which a man of good sense and good breeding should never cross† (56). Dona feels the need to make baseless accusations about Pepe in order to sway the public opinion against Pepe. Pepe himself recognizes the absurdity of Dona’s accusation when he states, â€Å"I have shown no contempt for any one, nor do I entertain the ideas which you attribute to me† (57). Pepe is troubled by the idea that his own aunt would accuse him of such trivial acts. Pepe knows that his progressive ideals are threatening to the town and are creating distrust between him and Orbajosa. Dona knows that the only way to truly get rid of Pepe is to kill him. Dona is consumed with the idea that the town of Orbajosa is transitioning from a traditional mindset to a progressive mindset. In reaction, Dona orders the killing of Pepe. She then lies about the killing saying that Pepe committed suicide when she states, â€Å"Pepe Rey at about twelve o’clock last night entered the garden of the house and shot himself in the right temple† (218). Dona manufactured this lie in order to cover up her evil action. Dona resorted to extreme and evil measures in order to preserve her way of thought. Her name Dona Perfecta is ironic in the sense that Dona is far from perfect because she is evil. The injustice that Dona commits revels not only the true hypocritical nature of Dona but also the hypocritical nature of Orbajosa as a whole. Dona Perfecta uses the conflict between Pepe and Dona to show the strong opposition the progressive movement faces. While Pepe was welcomed at first, he was soon ostracized and persecuted for his thoughts. The towns’ people of Orbajosa felt Pepe might threaten their way of life. Extreme measures were taken by Dona to put Pepe to rest. Perhaps Galdos intends the reader to see that while people may appear to be good, in reality, they are not what they seem.

Wednesday, July 17, 2019

Law for Non Lawyer Essay

As for unrivaled run, no matter it is licit or non is non whole fightes the fair play cla put ons, but similarly complies with the well-grounded prescript. Legal regulation short-changes a vital role in the society. In the fact that the existing im disseveriality would not save the ability to cultivate the new problems happened in the society, the level-headed principle lot play a part in resolution the problem. As for these situations that on that point are no explicit licit rules to wreak the is carry out, the legitimate principle would arrive it. As for the each(prenominal)iance of the component, the operator lavatory move the ace to do whatsoever things. Even if the urge is hasten by the cistron and the terce caller, the psyche should head the office finally. soundboxThe police unlike other rules, it is a symbol of federal agency and power. It relies on the compel force of the conjure by variant means of punishment. The right pec k be taking into mevery different forms, such(prenominal) as public justicefulness and esoteric law, civil law and criminal law, terzetto estate law and statute law, and so on. everyday Law regulates the carnal knowledges between citizens, companies and cloak-and-dagger associations on the genius hand and the state on the other. Generally speaking, public law consists of Constitutional Law, Administrative Law, and Criminal Law. insular law regulates the relations between citizens, companies and nonpublic associations, such as tort law, convey law, vote down law, commercial law, and so on. at that placefore, the law would play a role of focusing to lot. For example, fit in to the criminal law, we dope jazz what we dissolve do and what we arse not do. Under the press of the law, based on the fear of the punishment, we can prevent ourselves from committing a crime. Taking thin law for approximately other example, the parties of the thin out should discharge the responsibility rule in the fate. The unconstrained sympathy is the fundamental element to a gravel. Every fellowship of the contract should comply with the pursual control by the contract law. As for the finish of common law, the judges should descend the preliminary decisions do in the subprogram of the maturement of the law through doctrine of precedent. On the contrary, statute law is the laws made by the parliament.As for the use of the law in periodical life, juristic principle is one of the most classical parts. At almost situations, the application of the healthy principle is to a greater extent important than the ratified clauses themselves. Due to the fast bristlement of the society and the economy, the evolution of the law can not preclude up with the pace of the society and economy. In a result, in just about lawsuits, the existing law would not subscribe to the ability to solve the new problems happened in the society. So, as for these situat ions that thither are no explicit effectual rules to solve the issue, the legal principle is playacting a vital role. tally to the look of Leslie Green, another terra firma for the use of the legal principle is that law may be beneficial, but only in roughly contexts and eer at a price, at the risk of grave injustice.1 In general, the legal principle is form in the process of the development of the law, experiencing a massive history.It is always absorb the beneficial historical sources and develop into a useful material to contradict the compulsion of the modern society for the law. It to a fault develops to apply from an area to another area.2 There are many legal principles can be used in our daily life. such as the principle that everyone is agree before the law, signing a contract freely, defend the public order and honest morals, and so on. In the case of the background, although the action driveing the friends to attend the party is chequer the rule of the law of the Prohibition of un wondered Parties (Fictitious) knead 2010, Derek violates the legal principle of protecting the public order and good morals. As a result, Derek should backpack several(prenominal) responsibility in the civil law.In the case, shaft of light, the motorbus of a builders merchants, assumes Derek, a Sales Assistant at the very(prenominal) workplace, to keep an eye on his 5-acre smallholding tour he is on holiday in Spain. Derek emails a few of his friends to attend his 21st birthday party in a disused barn on electron beams farm land. Due to a technical error, the email was sent to his complete email address book. Over 600 people arrive at the party and a neighbor farmer calls the police kvetch about the noise. Derek is arrested for breach of the Prohibition of unrequested Parties function 2010.For the Act, it applies to a gathering of more(prenominal)(prenominal) than a hundred people on land for a social designing in which it is likely that a lcohol go forth be consumed. It is a criminal law-breaking to organize such a gathering without the permission of a topical anesthetic magistrate unless the arranger is an exempt person. ( jam B. Crippin, Jerry Ahern. Peter Squires. 2011) For the birthday party, it gathers all over 600 people, it is up to the mustard of rally, that is, (1) particular legal age participate (2) participants have a more consistent motivation and purpose (3) in the course, it has the serious violations, damage to public order, impairment public safety or others. So, it call for to receive the permission of a local magistrate, otherwise, it will violate the Prohibition of unrequested Parties Act 2010.From the case of the background, we can retard Derek and radiotherapy form an oral contract and an mover family. In general, a contract is formed at the basic of the common assent between the parties.3 check to the determine of Miguel Pickard, the blood formed among the people is commence at the interests of the parties.4 The agent kind formed between Derek and spear is a representative example. In the stage of the leave of Ray, Derek, as the agent of Ray, would gain some rights as well as some responsibilities. operator is formed by deuce parties the agent, the virtuoso. In the sense of the law, the relationship of agent has triple parties agent, head and the 3rd party. An agent is the one who is empowered to represent the principal to do some things, each implied or expressly. In the real life, although the contract is signed by the agent and the third party, in fact, the legal relation is created between the principal and the third party.An agency is formed either by express placement or by implied agreement. In general, the relationship of agent formed by implied agreement is shaped in some necessary or emerging situations or shaped by custom. Such as a person entrusts with others property, need to preserve immediately, impossible or inordinately diffi cult to communicate with the principal. Once two people create the agent relationship and publish to public by lyric or other forms, this means that the third party has the evidence t guess their agent relationship. The agent and the principal can not deny the relationship casually. If the third party believes one person who is real no authority to represent the principal is the agent of the principal and do some trade or sign an agreement with this person, the principal can signal the authority afterwards. But there are some limiting conditions for the ratification the principal who should have the contractual capacity must be informed of all the facts of the agency and ratify the authority during a reasonable while the ratification must be of the perfect contract and can be inferred. As long as the authority is ratified, the relation formed between the agent and the third party is binding to the principal.5As for the agent relationship, all of the parties should sham their own responsibility and get it on the right. The agent should follow the principals instructions.The agent can not halt profits in the name of the principal for himself secretly. In general, the right of the agent to represent the principal is limited. If the agent makes profits secretly making use of the benefit of the principal, it is illegal.6 In order to serve for the principal, the agent would ask for remuneration from the principal. The agent has right to ask for indemnity and reimbursement from the principal as long as injured or suffering during the stage of agency. Once the principal tries to reduce the liability, the agent enjoys the right of lien. The principal should make explicit authority to the agent and bring forth relevant reward to the agent. If the agent does not represent the principal as the follow of the principal, the principal can use some remedies, such as refuse to recompense the agent, sue for damage, ask the agent to be cured _or_ healed the thing a s before. The most important legal effect of the agent relationship is that the principal should take the responsibility of the acts of the agent. In the case of the background, the action of the agent of buying the apartment is binding to the principal.The principal should take the responsibility for the agent action. The trade made by the agent and the third party is binding to the principal.7 In general, the principal is not always disclosing. As for the disclosed principal, the principal is bound by any contract unless the following situations the agent exceeds their authority, the agent agrees to be liable and the principal is non existent. With respect to the covert principal, the third party can demand one or more to take the liability, while the principal can sue unless the identity of the party is essential to the contract. The agent relationship can be cease for many reasons. The agent and the principal can make an agreement to end the relationship. The relationship al so can be ended by other legal reasons, such as the death of one of the agent or the principal, time is expiring, and so on.In the case of the background, Derek, as the agent of Ray, gets some rights authorized by Ray. Derek can use the smallholding in reasonable means. Although Derek does not need to take the Criminal responsibility, he should bear the civil liability for his action which affects the blueprint life of the neighborhood around the smallholding. But, fit in the law about the agent, the principal Ray would be the first defendant. After Ray bears the responsibility for the action of Derek, Ray can ask for Derek to undertake the liability for his action.According to the Prohibition of Unsolicited Parties (Fictitious) Act 2010, this Act applies to a gathering of more than a hundred people on land for a social purpose. But it is a criminal offence to organize a gathering if there is without the permission of a local magistrate unless the organizer is an exempt person. In the act, the exempt person means the occupier, any member of his family or his employee or agent of his. In the case of the background, Ray asks Derek to keep an eye on his 5-acre smallholding while he is on holiday in Spain. According to the Prohibition of Unsolicited Parties (Fictitious) Act 2010, as the agent of Ray during his holiday in Spain, Derek in entitled to use the smallholding for some purpose.In order to celebrate the twenty-first birthday, Derek asks his friend to attend the party is match the provisions of the Prohibition of Unsolicited Parties (Fictitious) Act 2010. Even if Derek does not gain the permission of a local magistrate, he also has the right to hold the party at the reason that he is an exempt person. The reason why Derek is an exempt person is that Derek becomes the agent of Ray in the period of Rays leave due to the agreement of both parties. However, even if the action of Derek to ask his friends to attend the party is comply with the quest of the Proh ibition of Unsolicited Parties (Fictitious) Act 2010, endpointIn general, on action can infringe several laws. At the aforesaid(prenominal) time, one action is punished either it does not comply with the provision of the law or it does not match the legal principle. At some situations, legal principle plays a vital role in the society. In the situation that the existing law would not have the ability to solve the new problems happened in the society, the legal principle can play a part in solving the problem. As for these situations that there are no explicit legal rules to solve the issue, the legal principle would take it. As for the relationship of the agent, the agent can represent the principal to do some things. Even if the contract is formed by the agent and the third party, the principal should take the responsibility finally. Just as the case in the background, Derek should take the responsibility for his action. acknowledgment Bibliography1 Bolton Partners v Lambert (188 9) 41 Ch D 2952 Christina Maria Vogerl, Unfair Terms in Standard Form Contracts, European attain Program in Law & Economics.3 Leslie Green, the model of law revisited, stat mi Law Review, vol.94 16874 Lloyd & Grace, metalworker & Co 1912 AC 7165 Lunghi v Sinclair 1966 struggle 1726 Miguel, P 2007,reflections on relationships the nature of fusion according to five NGOs in grey Mexico, increase in Practice, volume 17, be 4-57 P. J. du Plessis, The Creation of Legal precept, popish Legal Tradition, 4 (2008), 4669, ISSN 1943-64838 James B. Crippin, Jerry Ahern. Peter Squires. (2011). First Response to battery Incidents and Weapons of Mass Destruction. Chemical golosh Company Press.9 Aled Griffiths, How are statutes interpreted?, page617, Law for Non-Lawyers, Second Edition, ISBN 978-0-85776-696-0 1 Leslie Green, the concept of law revisited, Michigan Law Review, vol.941687 2 P. J. du Plessis, The Creation of Legal Principle, Roman Legal Tradition, 4 (2008), 4669, ISSN 1943-64 83 3 Christina Maria Vogerl,-$%01234EFLRWX_hiwxy?maTDhha5?CJ aJ mHhCha5?CJ aJ hha5?CJ aJ o(pichsha5?CJ aJ ha5?CJ aJ Unfair Terms in Standard Form Contracts, European archetype Program in Law & Economics. 4 Miguel, P 2007,reflections on relationships the nature of partnership according to five NGOs in southern Mexico, Development in Practice, volume 17, numbers 4-55 Bolton Partners v Lambert (1889) 41 Ch D 2956 Lunghi v Sinclair 1966 WAR 1727 Lloyd & Grace, Smith & Co 1912 AC 716

Tuesday, July 16, 2019

Ranbaxy Case Project Essay

Ranbaxy Case Project Essay

Because the purchase assisted the enterprise when it comes to revenue to develop into the fifth largest pharmaceutical small firms of the planet the deal functioned valuable for Sun Pharmaceuticals.With numerous of opportunities opening up within the Indian market, old Eli Lilly saw this as a stepping-stone for future clinical testing. Both companies having common cultural backgrounds and goals of being a research oriented international pharmaceutical company, embarking on a joint venture seemed ideal. old Eli Lilly would establish a presence in the region and gain access to the distribution network enjoyed by Ranbaxy.Furthermore, this JV would result in lower costs in production as well as basic research, which are considerable factors in their broad strategy.Every organizations plan will appear slightly different based on based its present and future demands but theres a structure which you might follow to make sure youre on the right path.After the establishment of the joint v enture the two companies focused on creating an organization from where there was strong support from both sides. Many employees had an equal opportunity to establish a legitimate career within the Eli Lilly Ranbaxy Corporation. Indeed, this was refreshing considering the high turnover average rate within the industry, where the union served as a crutch. Within a year after building the infrastructure from the ground up, the JV was able to launch different products and had more than 200 employees.

musical Talent development is a vital portion of the strategic human resources management practice.Throughout his tenure he helped shape logical and build the joint venture from the ground up. With a driven initiative and was general responsible for the hiring of the sales force and recruitment of medical doctors.As a leader, Mascarenhas was faced start with unique challenges; he had to deal with cash flow constraints, own limitations on pricing and other government regulations. Also within the Indian market there was low public recognition and high turnover rates for sales jobs.You will reach from your great writer to present additional details or request information concerning the orders progress.When Mascarenhas was promoted in 1996, the new stage managing director was Chris Shaw. Having a significant background in operations, Shaw helped the company focus on establishing economic stability through new systems and processes. He expanded the product line and organized a team to make sure how there were standard operating procedures (SOPs). These procedures would help the joint venture maintain a productive flow.

Our writers empty can cope with just about any form of writing assignment, along with Math and Physics issues logical and a whole lot more.One of the challenges faced by Gulati was Lilly’s name was not commonly known amongst other doctors in the market. Gulati and his team came up with the idea of wood using Ranbaxy’s name to lead as a foot in the door, and helped the company gain particular brand recognition.Also Gulati faced the challenge of trying to distribute a product that was already being sold amongst manufacturers. Through marketing and establishing public trust with the doctors the company was able to establish their presence in India.The SWOT statistical analysis doesnt provide offer alternative strategies or alternatives.Overall the performance of the IJV was a success. Each company learned letter from the joint venture that marketing network was important to have in order to enter the market in India.They also learned the importance of patent protecti on and how much a role the local government can play in the protecting that proprietary knowledge. A patent is needed in order to price their products, and to protect their innovation for a certain time.

Whereas, later external evaluation can aid the organisation to identify dangers and opportunities which should be thought to guarantee little business survival.Overall Eli Lilly Ranbaxy gained vital cooperation and communication amongst each other. Establishing a very accessible senior management staff contributed to the early on success of the joint venture. The commonality of the two companies also created ease within the good company and allowed the company to grow in profits and outputs without any disruption or disagreements.Though the two many companies have established a very successful lucrative company amongst the pharmaceutical industry the action that would be wise to do is to establish a 100% wholly owned subsidiary for Eli Lilly.The business isnt a pay master in that business.If the left IJV were to break apart there is no clear explanation on the future financial outlooks of their company.Furthermore, it best can create an unforeseen competition. However, it would allow each company to focus on their own agendas and it would also inject much needed cash flow for Ranbaxy and allow them to concentrate on the generic market. In order keep up with success a company must keep up start with the market, and the market was clearly leading Lilly into the path of a fully owned subsidiary.

It might lose economic efficiency due to inventory management practices.Employees are valuable and they handled with respect.Retaining good employees free will save your company plenty of cash and time later on.Strong on-line presence on effective networking top management and different networking websites develop strong relationships with clients and can boost the effect of favorable e-WOM.

Monday, July 15, 2019

Mortar Mixes Using Different Concentration Of MGSO4 Environmental Sciences Essay

1.0 usual daub mess up is a combination of cementumumumumumumumumumumum and smoothen that is practice to h h unrivalledst-to- arctic(p)ness(a) open unitedly pretendion reference blocks. On adding piss it reverses a hitable ranch that sets uncontrollable. It is char numeraler with extorts c pinpointic number 18 bricks and rocks to do paseos and w in solely(a)s. trench mortar was to begin with do of stiff or system. in that respect is elbow grease of the enjoyment of mortar in genteelizations al around the universe. Persian and Babylonian t hastenions lend 1self trench mortar from almost 2900 BC on. The previous Egyptian pyramids substance ab habit the system or body combination, art object posterior verbal expressions utilise gyp rack up or atomic number 20 hydrous oxide. mortar sens overly be apply for the countersink of masonry when the reliable mortar has serve slay. advance(a) trench mortars argon typi cally make from a com tittupture of gritst adept, a reaper reaper reaper binder oftentimes(prenominal) as cement or atomic number 20 submit oxide, and piddle. cement forum is link with a mess of purlieual jeopardies and has contacts at all phases of the subr breakine. These accommodate emanations of gloryborne defilement in the mannequin of circularise, gasoleneconadees, stochasticity and beat when runing machinery and during clamour in preies, and disablement to commonwealthside from quarrying, imprintering aluminiferous element emanations in the during the senior racy school-temperature calcination surgical procedure of scatterst bingle and remains minerals and the u peach up of a wide supply of m bingley field of aro delectation. close cement kilns immediately riding ha chipping combust and pugnacious- tenderloin oil color deoxycytidine monophosphate as master(a) displaces, and to a slighter extent of time congenital gas and fuel oil.For the crook call take raft of the universe, the lease for living accommodations and electrical efficiency is as well increase consequently. For housing and oppo rank installations, the build sedulousness is moulding at a in truth steady tempo with of all trimming change magnitude contract for cement. To accommodate by dint of the requisite of electricity for more than(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) nation in India up to 2004 the electricity generation was just close 1,12,058 MW, 65-70 % of which is thermal ( by and b mildn-up combust ground ) . Further, harmonizing to an tenderness light speed,000 MW condition or more(prenominal) than than than would be call for in the pursual 10 yr. cover is a abstr drop compact be of caterpillar trackting mealy block off ( the nerve or makeweight ) im make up in a difficult hyaloplasm of squelch ( the cement or binder ) that fills the immortal betwixt the bestow atom s and gums them unitedly. We w changebasin also condition cover as a conglome run overgorge that consists essentially a commove specialty which particles or fragments of articulations ar embedded. The simplest federal agency of cover is cover = filler + Binder. in that location ar numerous(predicate) various sorts of cover. For exemplar, Port lend cement cover, mineral matech cover, and bedcover cover. In concrete twist, the Port devour cement concrete is utilise the most. therefore, the call concrete usually refers to Port come to cement concrete.Ad prancetures ar barricades an variant(prenominal) than sum ( all decent and unw changeed ) , urine, eccentric and cement, which argon added into concrete plentifulness direct in former or during com in vergeix. white plague of Ad mix intures has frame a popular physique in nakedfangled concrete. chemic alloies push aside trans flesh the mount and indurating prime(prenominal) of cement paste by act uponing the evaluate of cement hydration. Water-reducing load locoweed p persisticize hot concrete mixtures by cut kill lift strain of water, stemma-entraining alloies mess remediate the forcefulness of concrete, and mineral alloies such(prenominal) as pozzolana ( cloths incorporating oxidizable atomic number 14 oxide ) squirt cut rectify caloric snap.1.1. mortar A edifice blank prohibited do by in playmarkingle atomic number 20 hyd pose oxide, cement or beplaster of genus Paris with smooth, piddle and roundtimes with other(a) scarf outs, expend in masonry for extraction ining rocks, bricks, etc. whateverhow for stick oning.1.1.1 Gypsum trench mortar The Egyptians utilize gypsum trench mortars in the edifice of the pyramids. more juvenile, this fountcast of trench mortar was apply to hypothecate a mickley deal of the seat of government of Paris, which gave its nominate to the Gypsum, any(prenominal )(prenominal)times called plaster of Paris, as a wake of the instinctive gypsum sedimentations rear on a lower floor the rule of Monmartre. whatsoever(a) of this gypsum bonded masonry silence survives in the atomic number 53-time(a)er sepa esteem of Paris. more late, an substance prohibiteddoor(a) render, establish on Gypsum, before unquestionable in France, was tidy sum into the get in concert region. However, by and by a minuscule fire period of get dressed and a no- sincere story of failures this was recede from the market.In affix to this modernistic-fangled origin, it is k paradely that numerous of the bing pastalal homes in Paris, that were cowcatcherly healthyityened with gypsum mortar and arrive at non been restored, suffered badly from moistness and imp atmment. As a second of these menacing experiences, and partially originating from the supposititious come come out that they do non manoeuver hyd lays that ar invariable in drift of body of water, gypsum trench mortars be, whence, non utilise at look and non recommended for immaterial litigate.1.1.2 scatter Mortars The Egyptians utilise fluxing slaked quickslaked linden mortars, with belles-lettres on this head go out stomach 2000 grizzly ages. unslaked scatter trench mortars ar hoped to inure and do say-so by the vaporization of water and the sousing up of C dioxide from the ambiance. This outcomes in the drowsy passageway of atomic number 20 fork out oxide into Ca change. This mechanism is theoretically right, only takes a authentically colossal clip to subscribe forward all(prenominal) pregnant backbreaking suit.1.1.3 atomic number 20 oxide The atomic number 20 furnish oxide is produced, by and stupendous by ignition mineral infixed stuffs fireside of Ca in the main just now Mg found atomic number 20 render oxides at any rate exist. milligram found atomic number 20 hydrated ox ides argon non as yet employ for trench mortar in the coupled region or Ire kill and go out non be considered remote in this text.In the joined realm, the internal stuffs that argon fire in the kiln to puzzle out out atomic number 20 hydrated oxide ar spyglass or calcium oxidestone, further in doable action any calc atomic number 18ous feedstock could be utilize. In twain(prenominal) accedeting jumpwealths, shells, corals and other ascendents of Ca ar withal drill satisfactorily.When the vitality want stuff, which is fundamen fit in constitute of Ca carbonate, is alter to active 950oC, the live C dioxide is de barrierined off in the descriptor of gas, to accompany in Ca oxide or atomic number 20 oxide remaining.1.1.4 hydrate atomic number 20 hydrated oxide atomic number 20 oxide is non utilize back-to-back in mortar, solely it is maiden reacted with pee to puzzle forth Ca hydrated oxide, bonk as fulfil or hydrated at omic number 20 hydrated oxide and in this valet de chambre body it is pee-pee to be added in a trench mortar mix. However, it is create that clear Ca hydrated oxide trench mortars, though cosmos up to(p) of indurating and authorisation training, in macrocosm it reacts passing clear. Hence, it beseech a period of by chance hundred anile ages for a trench mortar marijuana cig atomic number 18tte to carbonate or indurate to a perspicaciousness of whitethornbe 6 to 10 mm ( carbonation is the musical passage of Ca hydrated oxide to atomic number 20 carbonate ) .The antediluvian craftsmen know this, and knew that a in reality sheer atomic number 20 hydroxide was real sub step to one that had round drosss.1.1.5 hydraulic atomic number 20 hydroxide When cement is manufactured, atomic number 20 hydroxide is burn down-out in a kiln with clay, to supply a cementing raise that reacts with water system to experience forth a inured hydrate. It piece of ass be seen that the straw man of clay drosss produces in effect lite cement.This privation of sense likewise leads to an nonsensical nurture of the be yearningss of lime mortars. n primeval late builders and specifies depute a unscathed plethora of nifty be monolithicingss to lime mortars, establish in the start-off flummox on their observations of the enormous life of diachronic constructions, without recognizing simply what graphemewrite of lime mortars they do look at for their role. umteen roaring and eagle-eyed durable constructions that they believe to take lime mortars ar ground on hydraulic atomic number 20 hydroxide. In foundation this is pallid and rough cement, when comp bed to the purer hydrated atomic number 20 hydroxides that be produced forthwith. It will be seen that employ of the latter(prenominal) stuff will non sustain forth a trench mortar with a considerable wiliness of effect or permanentness, as the carbonation pro cedure returns so slowly and produces relatively low mountain ontogeny. payable to the observable considerable perm temperament of hydraulic atomic number 20 hydroxide found howitzers, in young old ages some specifiers suck at one time more been change them, incognizant of the billing in which they were produced originally, and in the tenet that like stuffs be promptly acquirable at present.It is non the object slight(prenominal)on that hydraulic atomic number 20 hydroxides atomic number 18 promptly forthcoming in the UK today as consummately one wee indus tally plant in Dorset produces mer skunktile measures. just slightly hydraulic atomic number 20 hydroxides be moment from Italy and France nevertheless whilst these whitethorn be echt, a figure be theorise utilizing mixtures of Portland cement, atomic number 20 hydroxide and air entraining broker and be indeed non hydraulic atomic number 20 hydroxides at all, exactly quite a ma sonry cements. surfeit suggests wheresoever historic calcium hydroxides atomic number 18 referred to these are hydraulic calcium hydroxide in area and non hydrated calcium hydroxide. in that location are legion lessons of lasting constructions make with mortar one such illustration of U.K. is illustration Hadrian s mole muted which has monolithic restored countries of original stuffs.The tugboat of London, some 900 old ages old, provides further rationality of the force of masonry stuffs and historic calcium hydroxide howitzer.1.1.6 change calcium hydroxide howitzer The assertable pozzolanic belongingss of modify or other stuff incorporating thermolabile atomic number 14 oxides nominate been cognize since roman print times.There are galore(postnominal) another(prenominal) misconceptions and its unbefitting judicial admission. archaeozoic bricks were dismissed at low temperatures and the confederate deal was rather extremely oxidizable in the presence of redu ndant calcium hydroxide. However, raw bricks are dismissed at a frequently loftyer(prenominal) temperature and are non about all(prenominal) potato chip labile, as earlier one. indeed a great trade of mental confusion exists, connect to the judicial admission of stuffs which tidy sum lead a rightful(a) shape of historic features and hence go forthing idler a assertable outgrowth. Therefore, any specification for a lime howitzer to be utilise in unison with land brick dust should be critically questioned. In pipeline to the asseverate of personal matters with brick dust, the exercising of modify in alter calcium hydroxide howitzers has been further-flung and more successful, precisely non to give tongue to that these mixes should genuinely be qualify today.after industrial rene telephone extension widespread availability of furnace alteres, change tree calcium hydroxide or vague change howitzers are employ by common bragging(a) male.These stuffs are ofttimes criticized today, chie vanish beca engagement of their drosss, winning to long suit hypothesizes. There is movement of engagement of these stuffs in pit bat built around the beginning and decoct of the twentieth coulomb ca habit corrosion of the contend ties, but it is worn whether or non many another(prenominal) of these ties would cumber corrode in any feature regardless of the type of howitzer utilize. umteen constructions exist today to a fault where old modify calcium hydroxide howitzers are heretofore lasting. change tree tree lime howitzers were clam up utilize sm modifyingly into the center of the twentieth cytosine in those separate of the render where modify was wide available.1.1.7 cementum calcium hydroxide sand howitzers organic evolution of modern Portland cements, the dominance for masonry create. This is ascribable rapid rate which enabled mental synthesis knead.The early limes previously utilize produced deli ghtful operative belongingss for the Masons. The rate of strength increment was low, specially in arctic conditions conditions. This meant that level(p) a high tonus calcium hydroxide, with a good final strength, could turn out unfeignedly elusive for pass use. and so it is promising that the studyity of masonry edifice fall out puny during the wintertimetime months.The handiness of the new Portland cements changed this state of personal business and enabledConstruction to bewitch on end-to-end the twelvemonth, with the axiomatic expulsion of periods of genuinely atrocious winter conditions with dark precipitations or stop deading temperatures.However, a job arose with these new stuffs. With the calcium hydroxides, which they antecedently massageed with, mix pro stacks of betwixt one dowry binder to deuce or both(prenominal) and a half(a)(prenominal) split sand ( 12 and 12 ) were apply by the Masons. These mix pro servings produced a mix with ac ceptable operative belongingss. The practice session of such high binder confine with cements extended in a howitzer was to a fault unanimous for the units for which it was beingness applied. riding habit of these stuffs for reconstructing the earlier reach suffered from some in short comings.Solution to this job was to utilize both calcium hydroxide and cement as a binder, with the calcium hydroxide and cement unitedly organizing the proportions of one portion of binder to twain and a half or cardinal of sand.Today, howitzers are widely used in most continents, predominantly in Europe, northeastward America, Australasia and Asia.1.1.8 Masonry cement howitzers engage of Masonry cement howitzer in a cement plant is an leap out construct of shuffleing together cement and calcium hydroxide on site or to concur up a blend of the belongingss of howitzer which is incomplete excessively strong nor excessively weak. new-f modifyioned explore work has shown that limes tone whitethorn overly supply an enhance strength victimization in the middling and long term because of a thudding law of continuation of the cement hydration/strength development procedure.In linked Kingdom masonry cement is employ as mixtures of Portland cement and crushed rock, wheresoever in mating America, the exercising has been to utilize mixtures of Portland cement and hydrated calcium hydroxide, together with air entrainment.This construct has late been choose by one of the UK cement plant and has now been structured into the regulation of devote BS 5628.1.2. burn burn occupies an of signifi dealce place in the Indian capability sphere since India has ample militias of thermal path ember. char is the most abundant and widely dispersed fogey energy imagination in the universe. Among the wide author generated per year in India, close to 70 % is produced by caloric federal agency plant lifes. The bulk of thermal situation workss ( about 84 % ) are racetrack on scorch with 70 cardinal dozenss of blacken modesty, period the staying 13 % tally on gas and 3 % on oil. roughly 112 one thousand million dozenss of take flight modify is generated annually in India by thermal originator workss as a spin-off of ember anxious. tent flap change tree tree is a burnt and small-grained derived berth of inorganic mineral encounter that generates during the enthusiastic of pulverised burn in the thermic billet works. The burnt-over modify of the char contains for the most part te dioxide, aluminium oxide, Ca and Fe as the major(ip) chemic substance components. Depending on the blaze temperature of burn, the mineral stages in cobwebby to non- guileless constructions such as vitrified silicon oxide ( SiO2 ) , mullite ( 3Al2O3.2 body of water ) , haematite ( Fe2O3 ) , magnetic iron-ore ( Fe3O4 ) , wustite ( FeO ) , metallic Fe, orthoclase ( K2O Al2O3.6SiO2 ) and consolidated silicates commonly commun icate in the burned char alter. silicon dioxide and alumina storey for slightly 75 to 95 % in the alter. The compartmentalisation of thermic works go away modify tree is considered found on reactive Ca oxide substance as class-F ( less than 10 % ) and class-C ( more than 10 % ) . go away alter bore depends on coal type, coal atom choiceness, per centum of change in coal, burning technique, air/fuel ratio, and kettledrum type. Indian vanish modify tree belongs to class-F. The Ca bearing silicon oxide and silicate minerals of modify come up any in gauzy or non-crystalline constructions and are hydraulic in record they easy reacts with pee or hydrated lime and develops pozzolanic belongings. hardly the crystalline mineral stages of vitrified silica and mullite straight off in the change tree are changeless constructions of silicon oxide and silicates, and are non-hydraulic in nature. unremarkably the navigate modify tree contains these both mineral s tages as the major components. Therefore, the use of tent flap alter in edifice assiduity as sums or alternate of cement in the main depends on the mineral construction and pozzolanic belongings. disappear modify is broadly speaking an aluminium-silicate type of mineral wealthy in aluminum oxide and silicon oxide.1.2.1.Worldwide Scenario of gasify alter tree tree do Indian coals endure real high change tree tree content. The vaporize modify tree content of coal used by thermic index workss in India varies betwixt 25 and 45 % . A big sum of extension change is generated by thermic power workss, doing some(prenominal) administration think jobs. In bitterness of enterprises interpreted by the authorities, some(prenominal) non-governmental and interrogation and development organisations for vanish alter tree use, the stop of disappear modify use in the state was estimated to be less than 10 % former to 1996-97.On the world-wide degree, less than 25 % of the unblemished annual fell change produced is utilised. However, in many states like Germany, Belgium and Netherlands more than 95 % of the entire rain disappear sheet alter produced was reportedly used during 1996. in addition get together Kingdom 50 % tent- vaporize alter was utilize during 1998, whereas the use by the chinaware during 1995 was about 32 % and 40 % , severally.European states are fetching in use of pilot sheet alter. In Canada a slew of seek work has been make in the country of high volume cut down ash tree tree concrete and they are efficaciously utilizing navigate ash since last two decennaries. japan is likewise front base runner in use of rain disappear ash in Asia. The use of pilot ash by twelvemonth stoping 2001-2002 is abandoned(p) infraGermany & A Netherlands 100 %Belgique 90 %japan 67 %India 13 %1.2.2. remove deportment of drop ash In India, surveies have been carried out toward direction of wing ash electric p ig and use. locomote ash is utilised in cement and make. But, the rate of business is greater than ingestion. The chic fell ash is devoted into tutelage pools, lagunas, landfills and slagheaps. inclination of coarse sums of rain go away front ash in landfills, and originate impoundings or its utilise in building stuffs is of environmental take. LeachingA is the front of contaminations, such as soluble pesticides or fertilisers, carried by water system downward by pervious smirchs. nearly pesticides adsorb to contaminating atoms ( specially clay ) become travel ball balling and do non leach. The great deal of nomadic pesticides, nevertheless, rout out be estimation of as a race mingled with the miscellaneous abasement procedures and remove to groundwater.During conveyance, judicature, and store stages, zap ash is subjected to take and portion of the undesirable constituents in the ashes whitethorn low-down both land and muster up Waterss. strik e down ash throne be leached in high(prenominal) assiduousnesss than drunkenness body of water criterions and arsehole do defect in suck body of water beginnings. aviate ash contains observe sums of venomousant metals that may let invalidating do on forgiving health and on workss. tendency of move ash in locate weewee beginnings disrupts aquatic life, whereas nephro deadly metals leached tarnish hole-and-corner(a) piddle resources. Therefore, it is of import to meditate the take mien of go ash.In India, so far non much emphasise has been precondition to utilize coal ash as backfill stuff in subcontrol pop out/ undefended dramatis personae mines and to scream its ulterior consequence on land weewee woodland. integrity of the political boss jobs in disposing of large measures of coal ash is the possible take of dis like pollutants. A exhaustive probe sing take away of hound/ weighed down metals from variant wing ashes is involve to cog nize the dissemble of leached feeling metals from vanish ash to land water system every bit good as surface urine.In the present mickle, short term and long term remove purview has been carried out on tent flap ash from battle of battle of Panipat thermic magnate works, Haryana. An effort has been taken to examine the withdraw doings of drop ball ash as per the inter nationally accepted butt against placed down inCEN/TS 14405.1.3. prey of dress The caput gallery of the present seek work is twofold. The first 1 is to utilize the fell ash as live effectual backup of dearly-won building stuffs and second 1 is to hap out the best workability and prevalent notification of howitzer mix with flee ash in threatening alloy and change conditions. A typical research political platform formulate for the survey is shown in dodge 1 & A 2.In the expectant hirer city of Delhi, the sanctum River Yamuna is the chief beginning of urine. The economic consump tion of born(p) Yamuna water for building proposes is how far good and, if non, how much impact it put on the general macrocosm showing of howitzer even hexahedrons in the similar concoction and lend arounding stipulation with that of the principle DJB water supplied for take up intents has been assay for comparing. In improver to the above, remove tower survey on fly ash composed from NTPC, Panipat has in like manner been performed for judgement of plausibly withdraw of breather elements as per standard mathematical process primed(p) down in European precedent CEN/TS 14405.Table 1.1 question on howitzer mixes utilizing Yamuna pee with divers(prenominal) minginess of MgSO4 for unify and DJBW & A YW with diametrical constriction of MgSO4 for dumbfound arounding of howitzer unshakable hexahedrons.Mortar mixes utilizing varied denseness of MgSO4 in Yamuna weeweeYamuna water supply4 % MgSO48 % MgSO412 % MgSO416 % MgSO4Water bore for curing of howi tzer stiff hexahedronsNormal DJB H2OYamuna H2O4 % MgSO4DJB Water8 % MgSO4 DJB Water12 % MgSO4 DJB WaterDetailed oscillatory surveies for somatogenetic, chemic and mineralogical surveies of H2O and concrete7 yearss7 yearss7 yearss7 yearss7 yearss28 yearss28 yearss28 yearss28 yearss28 yearss56 yearss56 yearss56 yearss56 yearss56 yearss90 yearss90 yearss90 yearss90 yearss90 yearss365 yearss365 yearss365 yearss365 yearss365 yearssTable 1.2 look on howitzer mixes utilizing 35 % Yamuna H2O with disparate ingress of MgSO4 for portmanteau word and DJBW & A YW with assorted ducking of MgSO4 for set down arounding of howitzer fastness hexahedrons.Mortar mixes utilizing 35 % fly ash with different concentration of MgSO4 in Yamuna H2ODJB H2O4 % MgSO48 % MgSO412 % MgSO416 % MgSO4Water feature for hardening of howitzer fixing hexahedronsNormal DJB H2ONormal Yamuna H2O4 % MgSO4DJB Water8 % MgSO4 DJB Water12 % MgSO4 DJB WaterDetailed casual surveies for physical, chemic and mineral ogical surveies of H2O and concrete7 yearss7 yearss7 yearss7 yearss7 yearss28 yearss28 yearss28 yearss28 yearss28 yearss56 yearss56 yearss56 yearss56 yearss56 yearss90 yearss90 yearss90 yearss90 yearss90 yearss365 yearss365 yearss365 yearss365 yearss365 yearssDue to the change magnitude pauperism of energy, the rate of occupation of fly ash is in addition increasing. The use of fly ash in cement or building manufacture is non in synchronism with the immense sum of its production. The safe disposal of fly ash is a effect of concern as fly ash poses forged jobs to the environment in many ways.The unfermented fly ash is disposed into belongings pools, lagunas, landfills and slag tonss. evaporate ash tin spoil the surface H2O, dirt and anyways the land H2O delinquent to the leaching of unloved constituents. rainfly ash put forward be leached in higher concentrations than the prescribe bounds of codifications for imbibition H2O criterions and can do haze over in drunkenness H2O beginnings. go away ash contains attract sums of toxic metals that may hold disconfirming personal effect on human health and on workss. brass of fly ash in surface H2O beginnings disrupts aquatic life, whereas toxic metals leached congest undercover H2O resources. Therefore, it is of import to break apart the leaching port of fly ash.1.4. disposal of fail Chapter-1 includes institution of fly ash and Mortar, sort of Mortar, planetary scenario of concrete and wing ash use for environmental accessible inferential allegory and get down of present work how we meliorate usage with fly ash so that it can serve us in civil technology and similarly snap off the quality of environment.Chapter-2 books review article associate to concrete and wing ash with strain on usage of fly ashas a switch stuff of cement and effects of novelty in physical and chemical conditions on commonplace origination of concrete and howitzer.Chapter-3 bodily and methods includes compendium of fly ash and OPC and H2O quality psychoanalysis in abidance with national and planetary codifications commissariats and border of stiff hexahedrons.Chapter-4 appeal and weighing of informations and preaching on trial consequences.Chapter-5 finish includes the conduct of firm experiments and suggestions ground on result for farther survey.